Research papers:
Morales-Navarro, L., Noh, D. J., Servat, L., Netting, C., Kafai, Y. B., & Metaxa, D. (2026). Building to Understand: Examining Teens' Technical and Socio-Ethical Pieces of Understandings in the Construction of Small Generative Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.25852.
Morales-Navarro, L., Noh, D. J., & Kafai, Y. B. (2025). High school students building babyGPTs: Engaging in data practices and addressing ethical issues through the construction of generative language models. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 100769.
In the news:
Building babyGPTs: How Penn GSE and the Franklin Institute are redefining AI literacy for youth.
If you have further questions, email me at luismn@upenn.edu.